Iq 131 percentile

#131. Schackoo wrote: NrthrnKnght wrote: There is a chess IQ as there is a mechanics IQ ... My g-factor has been assessed by psychologists to be in the 99th ...

Iq 131 percentile. The first thing to know about IQ is that it is a composite score made up of the results of many different tests of reasoning, memory, acquired knowledge, and mental processing speed. These sub ...

Input your score in the IQ percentile calculator. Check what the standard deviation for the IQ test you took is. The default of the IQ percentile calculator is 15 (as in the Wechsler and SB5 tests). In the advanced mode, you can change it to 16. The calculator will display the percentile for your score and the explanation.

Calculate your percentile by dividing your class rank by the total class size and then multiplying by 100. For example, if your rank is 8 and the total class size is 100, your percentile would be 8/100 x 100 = 8%. This indicates that you rank higher than 92% of your classmates. General Search Terms Table.The mean WAIS-III FSIQ was 102.71 (SD = 7.73). The percentage of group members scoring within 5 points of the WAIS-III FSIQ score for each proxy measure ranged from a high of 68.57% for Ward-7ST to a low of 40.95% for the ITBS ( Table 1, Average FSIQ, percentage within 5 points FSIQ).A normal IQ range is considered to be between 85 and 115, as that is where 68% of the population lands after taking an IQ test. However, the true average IQ is 100, also known as the 50th percentile. To understand what the 50th percentile means, you must first be familiar with how IQ tests actually work.An intelligence quotient, or IQ, test measures the ability to learn. The Army General Classification Test, or GCT, was primarily designed to assess recruits for military jobs. Both...Find step-by-step Statistics solutions and your answer to the following textbook question: Assume that adults have IQ scores that are normally distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15 (as on the Weschler test). Find the probability that a randomly selected adult has an IQ that is less than 115..

Ram. 9, 1436 AH ... Comments4 ; Percentiles and Percentile Ranks. PSYC 2020 · Statistical Methods I and II · 131K views ; [Tagalog] Percentile rank for Grouped Data # ....We would like to show you a description here but the site won't allow us.What is the Difference Between IQ of 131 and Percentile: Explained in Detail! By Aaron 11/07/2023. Table of Contents. What is IQ of 131? What is Percentile? IQ of 131 is in What Percentile? FAQs About IQ of 131 is in What Percentile; Q. Is an IQ of 131 good? Q. What does the 98th percentile mean? Q. How is IQ calculated?5. 40 – 59. This score is in the next 20%, placing students in the middle range with average cognitive abilities compared to peers. 6. 60 – 76. This score is in the next 17%, indicating a slight cognitive ability above average in CogAT testing. 7. 77 – 88.An IQ score up to one standard deviation above 100 is considered normal, or average. Move up one standard deviation and you are in the mildly gifted range. That means that a child with a score of 120 is as different from a child with an IQ of 100 as is the child with an IQ of 80, a score which qualifies a child for special services.

IQ 131: Stanford Binet: IQ 132: Stanford Binet 5: IQ 130: Woodcock-Johnson Test of Cognitive Abilities ... (total percentile rank) PSAT (taken in junior year)It is calculated by dividing a person's mental age by their chronological age and then multiplying the result by 100. The average IQ score is 100, with scores ranging from 70 to 130. In this article, we will explore the difference between IQ 98 percentile and other IQ levels.The qualification to join Mensa is having an IQ score at or above the 98th percentile of the population (i.e.: in the top 2%). ... IQ 132 (editions I, II and III) | IQ 131 (edition IV) College Preparatory Tests. ACT Composite: prior to 9/1989 (must be a composite score of 29; cannot be an estimated score.) 29:The \(65^{th}\) percentile can also be defined as the smallest score that is greater than or equal to \(65\%\) of the scores. This we will call "\(\text{Definition 2}\)." Unfortunately, these two definitions can lead to dramatically different results, especially when there is relatively little data. Moreover, neither of these definitions is ...Meanwhile the difference between 50th and 52nd percentile is from 100-101. Percentiles reflect what percentage of the population scores lower ...

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How to Calculate Percentile. Arrange n number of data points in ascending order: x 1, x 2, x 3, ... x n. Calculate the rank r for the percentile p you want to find: r = (p/100) * (n - 1) + 1. If r is an integer then the data value at location r, x r, is the percentile p: p = x r. If r is not an integer, p is interpolated using ri, the integer ...So either of these would actually be a legitimate response to the percentile rank for the driver with the daily driving time of six hours. It depends on whether you include the six hours or not. So you could say either the 50th percentile or roughly the 55th, or actually the 56th percentile if you wanted to round to the nearest percentile.クイズ番組などで「これが解ければIQ130」という問題に正解するとか、あるいは簡易的なIQテストなどで「あなたはIQ120です!」と言われることがあるかもしれません。そのようなもので実際にIQが測定できるかどうかはともかくとして、IQ別のレアリティ(出現頻度)というのはどのようなもの ...Calculate percentile by first multiplying the percentile point desired by the number of numbers in a particular data set and then locating the number in the resultant position. Thi...

The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (or more commonly the Stanford-Binet) is an individually administered intelligence test that was revised from the original Binet-Simon Scale by Alfred Binet and Théodore Simon.It is in its fifth edition (SB5), which was released in 2003. It is a cognitive-ability and intelligence test that is used to diagnose developmental or intellectual ...Are you looking for an accurate and reliable IQ test to measure your intelligence? If so, you’ve come to the right place. In this article, we’ll discuss why the most reliable IQ te...Isla ultimately scored in the 99th percentile of intelligence for age on the Stanford-Binet IQ tests. She was 2½ years old. On 2 June 2022, Guinness formally recognized her as the world's ...IQ is normally distributed with a mean of 100 and an stdev of 15. Converting between z score and percentile 130 IQ is 97.7 th percentile 98 th percentile is 131 IQ 99.9 th percentile is 146 IQ 150 IQ is 99.957 th percentile ICD-9-CM. 94.01. MeSH. D014888. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ( WAIS) is an IQ test designed to measure intelligence and cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents. [1] The original WAIS (Form I) was published in February 1955 by David Wechsler and Chief Psychologist at Bellevue Hospital (1932–1967) in NYC as a revision of the ... The Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scales (or more commonly the Stanford–Binet) is an individually administered intelligence test that was revised from the original Binet–Simon Scale by Alfred Binet and Théodore Simon.It is in its fifth edition (SB5), which was released in 2003. It is a cognitive-ability and intelligence test that is used to diagnose …The Basics of IQ Score Interpretation. The table below provides IQ to percentile conversion formula. There are three different standard deviations used to IQ measurement: standard deviation of 15 (e.g. Wechsler scale), SD16 (e.g. Stanford-Binet scale) and less frequently used SD24 (e.g. Catell scale). Please note that IQ of 196 with SD15 ...II. Natalie Portman - Israeli - American Academy Award Winner with 140 IQ. Natalie Portman was first named Neta-Lee when she was born in 1981 in Jerusalem. Her parents are both Jewish, which can explain somehow her high IQ score of 140. She has two nationalities Israeli and American. She has no siblings in her family.TO 131 p m or perf e and d cted respo n Regression Estimates for Percentiles Suppose IQ scores of husband and wives follow the normal curve, but have merent conservent p osto p to marry.) In each line of the table below, you're given the 10 percent of one spouse and the correlation concert for from the population Round z-scores and areas to fit ...In a normal distribution, the 71 percentile is 8 IQ points (0.53 sigma) above the mean, so if IQ 100 is the 71 percentile among welfare recipients, the average welfare recipient should have an IQ 8 points less. ... average IQ 131. Sample: In the Forbes 1993 ranking of the 400 richest Americans, ... GRE Analytical Writing. 0-6. 0.5 points. Now, with the minimum GRE score being 130, and the maximum score being 170 in each section; the total GRE total score is entirely dependent on the Quantitative Reasoning and Verbal Reasoning sections. And therefore, the GRE exam score ranges from 260 to 340, with 260 being the lowest & 340 the highest. IQ scores are standardized scores that compare a child's performance on an IQ test to the performance of other children of the same age. The average IQ score is 100, and scores range from 40 to 160. IQ scores are typically divided into percentile levels, which indicate how a child's score compares to the scores of other children of the same ...

NCBE collects statistics from all U.S. jurisdictions on the February and July administrations of the bar examination and on annual admissions. These statistics, along with national score distributions, examinee counts, and mean scaled scores for the Multistate Bar Examination (MBE) and the Multistate Professional Responsibility Examination ...

The 90th IQ percentile appears to be the most desirable intelligence level and represents an IQ of 120, slightly more than 1 standard deviation above the mean of 100 (the standard deviation for IQ ...IQ 132: Cattell: IQ 148: Differential Ability Scales (DAS) GCA 132: Reynolds Adaptable Intelligence Test (RAIT) American Mensa accepts a score at or above the 98th percentile on any of the five index scores. IQ 131: Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales: IQ 130: Stanford Binet: IQ 132: Stanford Binet 5: IQ 130: Wechsler Adult and Children ScalesI. How to interpret IQ 136. he IQ 130 - 145 group accounts for 2% of the world's population and is classified as "Superior Intelligent". If you get an IQ of 136, you are a member of this group. You can enjoy the priviledge of joining Mensa, the world's smartest community, when your IQ is over 130. You can connect with other highly intelligent ...PsychTest Classical (IQ 131), Norway (IQ 115), Serebriakoff Self-Scoring Test (IQ 126), 123 Classical Test (IQ 114), Hans Eyesnick’s Test Your IQ book (IQ 117), PDIT (IQ 131- verbal was 140 and nonverbal was 112), Denmark Mensa (IQ 116), Stratosphere- 83/102 which I believe worked out to IQ 138. 1980s SAT Verbal was 670.Essential Items for IQ of 131 is in What Percentile. Before we dive into the calculation, there are a few essential items you need to know about IQ scores. First, the average IQ score is 100, and the standard deviation is 15. Second, IQ scores follow a normal distribution, meaning that most people fall within the range of 85-115, with a small ... 131 15 125 14 120 13 115 12 ... Int of 3 is only 0.07% of people, 10 is the ~26th percentile (or an IQ of about 90). The "dumbest" player character possible at 7-8 ... IQ conversion - Stanford, Binet, Cattell, Wechsler, SAT, GRE, Standard deviation

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ratio IQ. However, even Einstein might find it very difficult to achieve a standard score IQ of 200 IQ on a contemporary intelligence test. Although the SB5 does offer an Extended IQ score (discussed later), such scores are exceedingly rare because they must conform to the percentile frequency requirement of a standard score, not a ratio score.Percentile = (Number of Values Below "x" / Total Number of Values) × 100. Also Check: Percentage Formula. Another formula to find the percentile is given by: P = (n/N) × 100. P = (nth percentile/100) × Total number of values in the list. Here, n = Ordinal rank of the given value or value below the number. N = Number of values in the data ...Stephen Hawking's IQ - How Yours Compares to His and Other Famous Persons' IQ. There is a lot of talk recently about Stephen Hawking since his recent comment about God and the creation of the universe and the release of his upcoming book. This has led to many searching for information on Hawking. Interestingly his IQ is reported around 160.Here's the best way to solve it. Use the Normal model N (96,15) for the IQs of sample participants. a) What IQ represents the 23rd percentile? b) What IQ represents the 97th percentile? c) What's the IQR of the IQs? a) The IQ representing the 23rd percentile is (Round to one decimal place as needed.)NWEA Map Scores by Grade Level & Percentiles. December 16, 2022 by Mastery Genius. The NWEA MAP test is an adaptive assessment for K-12 students that covers math, reading, language usage, and science. It is one of the most trusted and widely-used assessments for primary and secondary educators.Statistics and Probability. Statistics and Probability questions and answers. Use the Normal model N (105,14) for the IQs of sample participants. a) What IQ represents the 23rd percentile? b) What IQ represents the 92 nd percentile? c) What's the IQR of the IQs? a) The IQ representing the 23rd percentile is (Round to one decimal place as needed.)IQ or Intelligence Quotient is an attempt to measure intelligence. ... For this reason the most reliable and consistent value to be placed on IQ is that of the percentile. An IQ of 150 is a meaningless claim unless the testing mechanism is also cited, but an IQ in the 98th percentile (i.e. higher than 98 per cent of the population) has ...The higher the GRE percentile, the better your score is compared to other test-takers. A 99th GRE percentile score, for example, means you scored better than 99% of test-takers, and you're in the top 1%! A 50th GRE percentile score means you scored right in the middle—an average score. See below for the most current GRE score percentiles.ICD-9-CM. 94.01. MeSH. D014888. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ( WAIS) is an IQ test designed to measure intelligence and cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents. [1] The original WAIS (Form I) was published in February 1955 by David Wechsler and Chief Psychologist at Bellevue Hospital (1932–1967) in NYC as a revision of the ...Information on IQ scores, assessment, testing, classification, and distribution. Assessment Psychology Online All about psychological assessment, testing, and practice management. The clinician's desktop reference for psychological assessment, testing and practice management ... Camelopard-v98. 2.06 131 133 149 600 610 66 1230 29 Intertel, ... ….

Fra IQ 125 kaldes det typisk at være velbegavet eller have særlig forudsætninger. Ca. 5 % af alle børn har en IQ som er så høj eller over. Med en IQ på 130 eller højere er du to standardafvigelser fra gennemsnittet og derfor udenfor normal- området (1 standardafvigelse er 15 point). Ca. 2% af alle børn har denne eller en højere IQ score.#131. Schackoo wrote: NrthrnKnght wrote: There is a chess IQ as there is a mechanics IQ ... My g-factor has been assessed by psychologists to be in the 99th ...IQ is normally distributed with a mean of 100 and an stdev of 15. Converting between z score and percentile 130 IQ is 97.7 th percentile 98 th percentile is 131 IQ 99.9 th percentile is 146 IQ 150 IQ is 99.957 th percentileAlthough an IQ of 130 isn't quite a genius level of intelligence, it's fairly close, and it's even closer to landing you a spot in a high-IQ society. For instance, Mensa requires that its members be in the 98th percentile, while an IQ of 130's percentile is 97.7.IQ Basics, IQ Explained, IQ scores for three hundred eminent geniuses; Estimate your IQ from your GRE or SAT scores; IQs for occupational groups; ...A score of 100 indicates that a person's intelligence is average. About half the people tested score above 100, while half score below 100. 1. The one-standard-deviation rule implies that about 32 percent of the population have IQ scores more than 15 points away from 100: 16 percent above 115 and 16 percent below 85. 2.Here's the best way to solve it. E …. Use the Normal model N (105,13) for the IQs of sample participants. a) What IQ represents the 21st percentile? b) What IQ represents the 97th percentile? c) What's the IQR of the las? a) The IQ representing the 21st percentile is (Round to one decimal place as needed.)‘The Outsiders’ was published in Gift of Fire, the journal (not a peer-reviewed scientific one) of the Prometheus Society, membership of which is open to anyone scoring above the 99.997th percentile of IQ. Grady Towers died in 2000 at the age of 55 while working as a security guard. So as far as I can see the ‘communication range’ is just an …The average IQ in USA is 98. According to the results of Lynn and Meisenberg's research in 2010 on the average IQ range, out of 108 countries and provinces, the United States ranks 24th in IQ globally (tied with Australia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Latvia, and Spain) with an average IQ of 98. The average IQ score in USA ranked 24th ...According to the ETS (makers of the GRE), the average (mean) GRE score for the Verbal and Quantitative sections are 150 and 153 respectively. The median (or 50th percentile) Verbal Reasoning score equates to a scaled score of 151, and the median Quantitative Reasoning score is approximately a 154 scaled score. Iq 131 percentile, James Franco IQ. James Edward Franco (born April 19, 1978) is an actor, filmmaker, and college professor from the United States. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance in 127 Hours (2010). James Franco is a very intelligent actor. His IQ is IQ 130, which places him in the top 2.25% of the world's population., IQ to Percentile Conversion. The table below provides IQ to percentile conversion formula . There are three different standard deviations used to IQ measurement: standard deviation of 15 (e.g. Wechsler scale), SD16 (e.g. Stanford-Binet scale) and less frequently used SD24 (e.g. Catell scale). Please note that IQ of 196 with SD15 represents one ..., Mensa's IQ quiz limit follows the normal distribution to yield a mean score of 100 with a standard deviation of 15. Therefore, on the IQ scale, 100 is considered average. With an IQ score of 131, the required percentage of distribution is 98.1 %, which is enough for membership. However, in practice, the minimum accepted score may vary from 132 ..., 67.47. 65.30. 1.505. Note: Mensa considers that scores from after January 31, 1994, "No longer correlate with an IQ test." I did these calculations using a method similar to that for my GRE to IQ Estimator. The lowest point of reference was the theoretical average IQ of high school students being 110 and the current average SAT I V+M (verbal ..., The OLSAT is scored in three basic steps: Raw Score: The raw score is calculated by adding up the total number of questions answered correctly. For example, if your child answers 45/60 correctly, their raw score is 45. The score report will include a raw score for the verbal and nonverbal sections (each out of 30) as well as the overall raw ..., 134. The IQ score is the level of intelligence that you have been assigned according to the score that you achieved in the intelligence test. Or the level of the person for which you are consulting that IQ score for that matter. The IQ is always the result of a comparison with the average test result that was achieved by the people who ..., An IQ of 125 is in the 95th percentile, which means your performance on an IQ test is better than 95% of your peers—an impressive feat. So, although it's hard to say precisely what percentage of the population has this score, we can conclude that an IQ of 125 is fairly rare ; however, it's still common enough that you probably have at ..., In general, an IQ score is defined with a median and mean of 100. Scores above 130 are labeled as above average or “very superior,” while scores under 70 would be considered below average or ..., Find step-by-step Statistics solutions and your answer to the following textbook question: Assume that adults have IQ scores that are normally distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15 (as on the Weschler test). Find the probability that a randomly selected adult has an IQ that is less than 115.., Since by definition, 1/2 of Americans have IQs below 100, it can be deduced that 71% of welfare recipients have IQs below 100. In a normal distribution, the 71 percentile is 8 IQ points (0.53 sigma) above the mean, so if IQ 100 is the 71 percentile among welfare recipients, the average welfare recipient should have an IQ 8 points less., This level of intelligence allows people to excel in many areas, including advanced academics, professional careers, and leadership roles. When someone falls within the 130 IQ percentile, it means that their intelligence quotient (IQ) score is higher than 97% of the population. This places them in the top 3% of individuals in terms of cognitive ..., Example: Find the percentile rank of an IQ score of 105. 1. Calculate the standard score (z-score): z = (x - μ) / σ, z = (105 - 85) / 16, z = 20 / 16, z ≈ 1.25. 2. Using the standard scores and percentiles table, locate the closest value to 1.25 under the "z" column. From the table, we can see that the closest value is 1.3, with a ..., This places 130 IQ individuals in the top few percentiles for intelligence. Here‘s a breakdown of the IQ score distribution and rarity from the Richest: 55% have an …, Normative Test Score Conversions and Qualitative Descriptors %-ile 100/15 50/10 10/3 descript %-ile 100/15 50/10 10/3 descript >99 139+ 76+ 18-19 Signif. 50 100 50 10 99 133-138 72-75 17 Above 49 Average S 98 130-132 70-71 16 Average 48 T 97 128-129 69 47 99 R 96 126-127 67-68 Above 46 49 E 95 124-125 66 15 Average 45 98, This level of intelligence allows people to excel in many areas, including advanced academics, professional careers, and leadership roles. When someone falls within the 130 IQ percentile, it means that their intelligence quotient (IQ) score is higher than 97% of the population. This places them in the top 3% of individuals in terms of cognitive ... , Essential Items for IQ of 131 is in What Percentile. Before we dive into the calculation, there are a few essential items you need to know about IQ scores. First, the average IQ score is 100, and the standard deviation is 15. Second, IQ scores follow a normal distribution, meaning that most people fall within the range of 85-115, with a small ..., The Naglieri Nonverbal Ability Test (NNAT) is a screening test used most often to determine if a child is a gifted learner. Many school systems use the test as one of its benchmarks for admission into a gifted and talented school or resource program. The test consists of diagrams, shapes and patterns and is designed ..., What is the Difference Between IQ of 131 and Percentile: Explained in Detail! By Aaron 22/06/2023. Table of Contents. What is IQ of 131? What is Percentile? IQ of 131 is in What Percentile? FAQs About IQ of 131 is in What Percentile; Q. Is an IQ of 131 good? Q. What does the 98th percentile mean? Q. How is IQ calculated?, The two previous studies of an IQ for Palestine summarized in the introduction gave estimates of 86 and 83.3. The two estimates are in close agreement and were averaged to 84.6 by Meisenberg and Lynn (2011) and Lynn and Vanhanen (2012). The present result gives an IQ of 85 and is in close agreement with the results of the two previous studies., Statistics and Probability. Statistics and Probability questions and answers. Use the Normal model N (105,14) for the IQs of sample participants. a) What IQ represents the 23rd percentile? b) What IQ represents the 92 nd percentile? c) What's the IQR of the IQs? a) The IQ representing the 23rd percentile is (Round to one decimal place as needed.), Working. Memory. Processing. Speed. The WISC-V is actually made up of 10 subtests, yielding 5 scores, each one a summary measure of a certain ability. These are called Verbal Comprehension, Visual Spatial, Fluid Reasoning, Working Memory, and Processing Speed. Each Index Scale is comprised of two subtests that together make up the scale result. , A child who is 6 years old, born in October, and taking the test in December would be represented as 6:2. A child who is 10 years old, born in March, and taking the test in November would be represented as 10:7. All students tested have three possible age bands they may fall into. For example, if your child is 7-years old, depending on when he ..., Mensa is the largest and oldest high-IQ society in the world. It is a non-profit organisation open to people who score at the 98th percentile or higher on a standardised, supervised IQ or other approved intelligence test. Mensa formally comprises national groups and the umbrella organisation Mensa International, with a registered office in Caythorpe, …, 89.6. 163. 87.3. 162. 85.2. 161. 82.7. When browsing published data available online as it pertains to the 25th and 75th LSAT percentiles, schools are typically very transparent. Keep in mind these numbers are not intended to scare you, but simply shed some light on acceptance rates as it relates to LSAT scores., The entry score for An IQ of 124 is needed to become a member of the International High IQ Society. This is the first entry-point score into high IQ societies. Around 2% of the population has an IQ greater than 130 which is ‘gifted’ intelligence. This is an IQ of 2 standard deviations from the average IQ. This is Mensa standard – the IQ ..., May 31, 2022 · iq 분포에 대한 경험적 규칙을 사용할 수 있습니다. 68%의 iq는 85~115, 95%는 70~130, 99.7%는 55~145입니다. IQ 백분위수 백분율 점수는 점수와 같거나 낮은 점수를 가진 백분율입니다. 70의 IQ 점수는 평균 점수보다 2% 낮은 SD = 15에 대한 2번째 백분위수로 간주됩니다. , IQ = (MA/CA) * 100. The intelligence quotient was equal to 100 times the Mental Age divided by the Chronological Age. For example, if a certain child started reading, etc., at the age of 3 (CA) and average children start reading, etc., at the age of 6 (MA), the child would get an IQ score of 200. (Such a score is very, very rare)., 160 LSAT. If you achieve a 160 on the exam, you’ll have performed better than approximately 80% of test takers. A score of 160 is perhaps the most agreed upon number for a “good” LSAT score and could be compared to achieving above an 1800 on the SAT (or 25 on the ACT). While a 160 LSAT may get you into some of the top 50 law schools, if ..., I know where and how it's all going to end up, and I can't find motivation. Reply reply. r/mensa. Welcome to the Mensa Reddit community, where people from all walks of life are welcome to converse about anything relating to living beyond the 98th percentile., High Average: 110-119. This typically indicates a stronger cognitive ability in one or more areas (review your child’s subtest scores to see where these strengths are indicated). Superior: 120-129. A score like this indicates your child is gifted in many areas required for school and testing success., About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright ..., If you are interested in intelligence quotients, you may have come across the term 'IQ 131 percentile.' This article will explain what IQ 131 percentile means and how it compares to other intelligence quotients., Mensa's IQ quiz limit follows the normal distribution to yield a mean score of 100 with a standard deviation of 15. Therefore, on the IQ scale, 100 is considered average. With an IQ score of 131, the required percentage of distribution is 98.1 %, which is enough for membership. However, in practice, the minimum accepted score may vary from 132 ...