Gang hand signs and meanings

Basic Street Gangs: “Hand Signs” Michael “Bishop” Brown. Crip Clique. ‘b’ for Blood

Gang hand signs and meanings. Gang signs are expressive hand gestures used by members of street gangs as a means of identification, communication, allegiance, or intimidation within their communities. In understanding these cultural markings specific to Kansas City gangs, we explore how they evolved over time and examine their deep-rooted connection with the local culture.

The Bloods Gang hand sign represents unity among members as well as denotes loyalty to one another in order to command respect and ward off potential threats. 2. An Overview of The Origins: ... Unveiling Different Variations of the blood's clan hand sign: Decoding Their Meanings . Blog Title: Unveiling Different Variations of the Blood's ...

Sep 3, 2023 · Short answer – Gang signs are hand gestures used by gang members to identify their affiliation, communicate messages, and intimidate rivals. Each sign carries a specific meaning unique to the particular gang or alliance. These signs can include finger configurations, palm orientations, or specific movements that signify loyalty or disdain ... Short answer: Gang signs ABC refers to the hand gestures frequently used by members of gangs as a means of communication and identification. These signs, known as gang signs or hand signals, are often specific to particular gangs and can denote affiliation, loyalty, warnings or threats within their respective communities. Contents.Dthang Gang Signs: Unveiling the Hidden Meanings and Symbols. DThang gang signs refer to hand gestures used by members of the street gang associated with Chicago rapper La Capone. These signs often form shapes, letters or numbers representing their group affiliation and are employed as a means of identification within the gang culture.Short answer - Gang signs are hand gestures used by gang members to identify their affiliation, communicate messages, and intimidate rivals. Each sign carries a specific meaning unique to the particular gang or alliance. These signs can include finger configurations, palm orientations, or specific movements that signify loyalty or disdain ...However, here are some general tips to help identify and understand gang signs in Mexico: 1. Research and educate yourself: Start by studying the different gangs and their symbols prevalent in the region you are in. Look for any specific hand signs, clothing, tattoos, or graffiti associated with these gangs. 2.A: The Latin Kings gang sign predominantly consists of two distinct hand gestures performed simultaneously. The first step involves raising your right arm and extending it forward at shoulder height while keeping all fingers spread apart—this represents “Amor de Rey” (Love of King).These signals carry significant meaning within these circles as they help identify affiliations and facilitate communication. 1. Hand signs: Gang members often use specific hand signs to represent their allegiance or affiliation. These gestures involve various placements of fingers, such as forming certain shapes or making distinct movements. ...

Gang signs are expressive hand gestures used by members of street gangs as a means of identification, communication, allegiance, or intimidation within their communities. In understanding these cultural markings specific to Kansas City gangs, we explore how they evolved over time and examine their deep-rooted connection with the …What are the commonly used gang hand signs and their meanings? What are the commonly used gang hand signs and their meanings? Gang hand signs, also known as “gang signs,” are gestures made with the hands that hold symbolic meaning within certain gangs or street cultures. These signals can represent allegiance to a specific group or convey ...These gestures serve as a form of communication for gang members to assert their affiliation or allegiance. Numbered list: 1. Raised right hand: A common symbol associated with Norteno gangs is the raised right hand forming an upside-down “W” which represents Westside. 2. Number three sign: Gang members often use their thumb, …Gang sign tattoos are not merely decorative; they represent affiliation with criminal organizations and can convey a complex code of meanings. From street gangs to prison gangs that operate within the underground world, these tattoos can hold immense significance within the criminal subculture.The "fig sign" is an ancient gesture with many uses. The ILY sign, "I Love You" Pollice Verso by Jean-Léon Gérôme. A man pointing at a photo. Fig sign is a gesture made with the hand and fingers curled and the thumb thrust between the middle and index fingers, or, rarely, the middle and ring fingers, forming the fist so that the thumb partly ...Short answer gd gang signs and meanings: GD stands for Gangster Disciples, an organized street gang primarily based in Chicago. Their hand gestures involve forming a pitchfork with the index and middle fingers to represent their affiliation. Additional symbols include six-pointed stars, dollar signs, heart shapes, and numbers associated with ...

Being a law student means carrying around a lot of books and being prepared for a handful of other things. Here’s what Everyday Carry reader Rob Barthelmess has on him during those...Apr 22, 2023 ... ... 2:58. Go to channel · CHICAGO GANG SIGNS MEANINGS. BAT CHOPPA•141K views · 3:27. Go to channel · FINGER TUTTING TUTORIAL | FINGER DANCE |&... Graffiti, hand signs, colors, and tattoos are indicators of gang affiliation. Gang members have their own language, which contains phrases, hand signs, tattoos, markings and graffiti. These often overlap. As a parent, you may not recognize them right away. This signal holds significant meaning within the gang culture, representing various aspects of identity and loyalty. 1. It symbolizes allegiance: When a person forms an "S" shape with their fingers and extends outwards, it signifies their commitment to the Southside gang. 2. Unity among members: Displaying this hand sign serves as a way for ...Dec 22, 2022 · Blood members are inked “ 3 11 ” as a tattoo, number 3 represents “C” in alphabet, number 11 represents “K” in alphabet. So “CK” mean is a “Crip Killa”. Some blood members are inked pit-bull dog. Also, Some members inked their hand signs as a tattoo. For more details look below images. Raising your pinky finger to refer to someone's female love interest, wife, or anything in between. Making a fist with your hand and placing it at the tip of your nose to describe someone pretentious or arrogant. The gesture is meant to mimic the Tengu, a long-nosed creature from the Japanese folklore.

How to make a silencer for 22 rifle.

The Crip six-point star is a common mark used by members to identify themselves as part of the Crips street gang. Founded by Stanley Williams, the Crips street gang also use other ...One of these signs is commonly referred to as the “GD” or “Gangsta D” sign. 1. Symbolizes affiliation: When someone throws up this hand gesture, it signifies that they are a member or supporter of the Gangster Disciples gang. 2. Represents love for their set: It shows pride and loyalty towards their specific branch within the organization.Dec 9, 2022 · They Inked “211” as a tattoo, number two represents the “B” in the alphabet , and number eleven represents “K” in alphabet. “BK” Mean “Blood Killa”. In some Crip gang members we can see tattoos like “3 18 9 16”, this one spells out “Crip” in alphabetic order. Some members inked their hand signs as a tattoo. For more ... #NLEChoppa WARNING: I shared this video because of Y'all repeated requests, but note that Gang Sign is not a joke and should not be thrown in the wrong place...A new week means we get to say hello to some new content on Netflix, and say goodbye to some older options. A new week means we get to say hello to some new content on Netflix, and...In this step-by-step guide, we will embark on a fascinating journey to decode the hidden meanings behind hand gang signs, shedding light on the complex web of unspoken language in this clandestine world. Step 1: Understanding the Origins and Motivations Behind Hand Gang Signs. To unlock the secrets encoded within hand gang signs, it is crucial ...

Step 1: Respect and Understanding. Before diving into the world of Dallas gang hand signs, it’s crucial to approach this cultural expression with respect and understanding. Hand signs are deeply intertwined with specific communities and carry significant meanings within them. By educating ourselves about their origins, …Short answer: Common gang signs and what they mean: Common gang signs refer to hand signals used by members of street gangs as a form of …While there are countless variations based on affiliations and alliances between gangs, several common hand signals can be spotted throughout various regions of Dallas. For instance: a) The “L” Symbol – Often representing Los Angeles or La Raza (Latino heritage). b) Three-Finger Clasp – A sign affiliated with Crips.Hook 'Em Horns. Don't worry — even though this hand signal has the word "horns" in it, the gesture is not meant to be demonic. Actually, it's just a sign of having a good time — as innocent as could be. You'll tend to see this one at concerts, though us old folks probably see this and think, "rock on." 7/17.1. Unity: Often seen as a sign of strength in unity, the three fingers symbolize teamwork among members of a specific gang or organization. It signifies that the individual is shoulder-to-shoulder with fellow members through thick and thin. 2. Loyalty: Loyalty plays a vital role within gang culture.One commonly observed gang sign in the bustling streets of London is formed by making an 'L' shape using your thumb and index finger while holding up your middle three fingers vertically extended (similar to forming an L with your hand). This symbolizes loyalty to one's crew or neighborhood - standing for 'London City.'.The Glo Gang hand sign serves as an emblem of loyalty towards Chief Keef's brand while embodying determination in overcoming adversity. It signifies solidarity amongst fans who share similar values of ambition and resilience. Step 2: Positioning your Fingers. To execute the Glo Gang hand sign flawlessly requires precise finger positioning.May 8, 2014 ... "DUBSTEP FINGERS" | Finger Tutting Hand Dance | PNUT ... GANG SIGNS MEANINGS (CRIP & BLOOD & CHICAGO) ... NLE CHOPPA HAND SIGNS TUTORIAL PT. 1. BA...Black gang signs encompass a wide range of hand gestures, symbols, and expressions originating from various African American street gangs. These signs serve as a means of communication within these groups and can convey messages related to identity, territory, respect, hierarchy, or even threats. 2.

Here are some common hand signs associated with the Southside 13 gang: 1. "S" sign: Gang members often form their fingers into the shape of an uppercase letter "S," representing 'Sureno' which means Southerner in Spanish. This symbolizes allegiance to the Southern California region where the gang originated. 2.

Title: The History and Meaning Behind Gang Signs with 3 Fingers: Unveiling the Intricate Symbolism. ... chances are you've come across the intriguing and mysterious concept of gang signs. Among the myriad of hand gestures used by different gangs worldwide, one that often sparks curiosity is the gang sign formed with three fingers. In this ...Most of the time, your urine is sterile. This means there are no bacteria growing. On the other hand, if you have symptoms of a bladder or kidney infection, bacteria will often be ...Short answer rollin 20 Bloods gang signs: Rollin 20 Bloods is an African-American street gang known for using hand signals to communicate within their group. Although specific gestures vary, common signs include the "three-finger salute," forming a lowercase 'b' with hands, or displaying two fingers sideways representing '2-0.'GDK gang signs possess profound meanings deeply ingrained within their symbolism. Each gesture typically represents a specific message, often related to power, loyalty, or defiance. ### Asserting Power and Dominance. Within the context of gang culture,GDK hand signals serve as tools for asserting dominance over rival factions.1. Recognition: Gang members use the slat hand sign to identify fellow members within their own group. 2. Allegiance: Displaying the slat can also indicate loyalty and allegiance to a particular gang or clique. 3. Warning: The slatted fingers can serve as a warning message, signaling potential threats or alerting rivals that they are entering ...The 18th Street Gang, a notorious criminal organization, employs various hand signs for identification and communication. Although exact gestures may vary among members, the most common one involves forming an "1" with the index finger while extending the thumb outward to create an "8.". This gesture signifies affiliation with or ...Sep 8, 2023 · Gang hand signs, also known as gang signals or symbols, are non-verbal forms of communication used by street gangs. In the United Kingdom, various gangs employ distinct hand signs to represent their affiliation and convey messages within their groups. These gestures often involve specific configurations of fingers or symbolic movements that can ... 1. The Classic “E” Sign. One cannot discuss East Side Blood gang symbolism without mentioning their iconic hand gesture – forming an uppercase “E”. Known as “throwing up E’s,” members use it both verbally (praising fellow comrades) and non-verbally (photographs). This sign represents allegiance while simultaneously instilling ...Gang hand signs are nonverbal gestures used by members of street gangs to communicate with each other. These signs often carry specific meanings and are used to identify gang affiliation, convey messages or warnings, and show allegiance or disrespect. It is important to note that interpreting gang hand signs can vary based on the region and the ...

Champagne drink crossword clue.

Newrez fort washington pa.

Short answer: Gang signs ABC refers to the hand gestures frequently used by members of gangs as a means of communication and identification. These signs, known as gang signs or hand signals, are often specific to particular gangs and can denote affiliation, loyalty, warnings or threats within their respective communities. Contents.Gang signs play a significant role in gang culture, representing unwavering loyalty and allegiance within specific groups. The Vice Lords, an infamous Chicago-based street gang founded in the 1950s, are known for their distinctive hand gestures that symbolize their affiliation with the organization .Short answer: Gang signs in emojis refer to hand gestures or symbols used by members of street gangs as a form of identification, communication, or intimidation. These signs may vary across different gangs and can often be represented using various emoji characters such as the raised fist, clenched fist, gun symbol, etc. Contents.Here are some common hand signs associated with the Southside 13 gang: 1. "S" sign: Gang members often form their fingers into the shape of an uppercase letter "S," representing 'Sureno' which means Southerner in Spanish. This symbolizes allegiance to the Southern California region where the gang originated. 2.These well-crafted hand signs, combined with chants and encrypted prayers, enable satanists to invoke forbidden entities from the nether realms. 6.Hand Signs as Means of Identification. In a world where secrecy reigns supreme, recognition among fellow practitioners becomes essential in safeguarding their dark fraternity.These gestures serve as a form of communication for gang members to assert their affiliation or allegiance. Numbered list: 1. Raised right hand: A common symbol associated with Norteno gangs is the raised right hand forming an upside-down “W” which represents Westside. 2. Number three sign: Gang members often use their thumb, …Author Jordan AndersonReading 17 minViews 367Published by August 21, 2023. Short answer: Crip Gang Signs with Hands are a defining characteristic of the Crips, a notorious street gang in the United States. These hand signs include gestures such as the "C" symbol with fingers, displaying specific numbers using fingers, and other intricate ...1. The Classic “E” Sign. One cannot discuss East Side Blood gang symbolism without mentioning their iconic hand gesture – forming an uppercase “E”. Known as “throwing up E’s,” members use it both verbally (praising fellow comrades) and non-verbally (photographs). This sign represents allegiance while simultaneously instilling ...Sep 5, 2023 · Gang signs can be defined as specific movements or hand gestures used by members of certain street gangs to identify themselves or communicate with one another discreetly. These signals serve as a form of non-verbal communication within their secretive subculture. This gesture can be used whenever you are speaking in a group or to an audience. You open up your arms, as if you are wrapping the audience in a hug, making the "we" gesture. You can also do this when standing next to someone and actually placing your hands behind them as if to indicate "you are in my inner circle.". ….

Gangster Disciples is one such gang that uses hand signals or "throwing signs" as part of their culture. 1. Fist in the air: Raising a closed fist symbolizes loyalty and support for the Gangster Disciples. 2. Pitchfork Hand Gesture: The thumb, index finger, and middle finger extended upward form an inverted "Y," resembling a pitchfork ...One such form is hand gestures or gang signs, which serve as a way for members to identify themselves and intimidate rival groups. In this comprehensive guide, we delve into the intricate language of Southside gang signs – decoding their meanings, origins, and cultural significance. Chapter 1: Deciphering Hand Gestures – The Hidden …Gang members use hand signs to communicate with each other and to challenge rival members or law enforcement officers in what they call "throwing signs." After forming in Los Angeles in the early 1970s, the Bloods street gang spread to the East Coast and formed "sets." These sets include the Piru Bloods, Fruit Town Brims, and South Side Brims (in western Maryland).The history behind GDK hand signs goes back to the formation of the Gangster Disciples, a prominent American street gang founded in Chicago during the 1960s. These gestures were created as a means of communication and identification among members within this tightly-knit community.In this step-by-step guide, we will embark on a fascinating journey to decode the hidden meanings behind hand gang signs, shedding light on the complex web of unspoken language in this clandestine world. Step 1: Understanding the Origins and Motivations Behind Hand Gang Signs. To unlock the secrets encoded within hand gang signs, it is crucial ...The Bloods Gang hand sign represents unity among members as well as denotes loyalty to one another in order to command respect and ward off potential threats. 2. An Overview of The Origins: ... Unveiling Different Variations of the blood's clan hand sign: Decoding Their Meanings . Blog Title: Unveiling Different Variations of the Blood's ...In this blog post, I will briefly discuss some common hand signs used by Bloods gang members. 1. Hand sign A: Fist clenched with thumb on index finger. 2. Hand sign B: Thumb and pinky extended while other fingers are folded down. 3. Hand sign C: Holding up three fingers (index, middle, and ring) in a similar fashion as when showing “okay.”The “E” gang sign is a hand gesture commonly associated with the Gangster Disciples, a Chicago-based street gang. It involves forming the letter “E” with the thumb and index finger extended while holding down the other fingers. The symbol represents the gang’s affiliation and can often be seen in their tattoos, graffiti, or photos.The *”Insane Vice Lords”* gang sign traces back to Chicago in the late 1960s when a group known as “Vice Lords” emerged from impoverished neighborhoods enduring social inequality gravely affecting African American communities. The creation of their distinct hand sign developed organically as a means of identification among … Gang hand signs and meanings, Short answer west side gang sign meaning: The West Side gang sign, often referred to as the "W" hand gesture, is commonly associated with various street gangs located on the western side of cities. It typically represents allegiance or identification with a specific western-based gang and may vary in subtle differences depending on the region., Short answer upside down w gang sign: The upside down "W" gang sign is a hand gesture typically associated with the Los Angeles-based street gang known as Westside Crips. It is formed by extending the thumb, index, and middle fingers to create a distinct "W" shape, which is then turned upside down. This sign serves as a symbol of ..., Philly gang signs are more than just hand gestures - they embody a vibrant cultural fabric shaped by history, symbolism, and the yearning for self-empowerment. While territories may transform over time and gangs may evolve or dissipate altogether, these signs will forever remain as testaments to the resilience and ingenuity found within ..., Satanic hand signs refer to gestures made with one’s hands or fingers that are associated with satanism and occult practices. These signs hold different meanings in various rituals, symbolizing allegiance to Satan or invoking supernatural forces. Though culturally debated, these claims lack scientific evidence and typically emerge from ..., Short answer bloods gang signs and symbols: Bloods, a notorious street gang in the United States, employ distinct signs and symbols to represent their affiliation. Common hand signals associated with Bloods include throwing up the letter “B” using fingers or forming a pitchfork shape with one hand. Other symbolic references used by …, So, tighten your seatbelts as we dive deep into decoding these powerful hand signals. 1) The Crown Sign: The first sign on our journey through Blood gang symbols is the iconic Crown sign. Start by placing your left thumb and index finger in an ‘L’ shape while keeping your other fingers curled up into a fist., What is the significance of the BD gang hand sign? The BD gang hand sign holds significant meaning within the culture and operations of this notorious street organization. It serves as a symbol that allows members to identify each other, assert their presence in specific territories, and communicate messages without uttering a word. Here are ..., The 3 fingers up gang sign is a hand gesture common among gangs, particularly the "Three Points of Brotherhood" which originated in California. It represents loyalty, camaraderie, and unity within the gang community. ... In conclusion, the 3 Fingers Up gang sign carries complex meanings that vary based on context and regional influences., Sometimes the hand sign is displayed in one movement and sometimes it is done through a series of movements. Several movements usually mean the gang name is being spelled out, or that a rival gang is being shown disrespect by cracking the symbol or turning the symbol upside down. Handshakes are also common among gangs. Small "b". Small "b"., One such form is hand gestures or gang signs, which serve as a way for members to identify themselves and intimidate rival groups. In this comprehensive guide, we delve into the intricate language of Southside gang signs – decoding their meanings, origins, and cultural significance. Chapter 1: Deciphering Hand Gestures – The Hidden Language:, The "O" gang sign is a hand gesture commonly associated with the Crips street gang. Formed by connecting the thumb and index finger to create a ring-like shape, it represents loyalty to the gang. This distinctive signal holds various meanings and can often be seen among members as a symbol of affiliation or recognition., 1) Symbolism & Expression: Each gestural depiction carries profound meaning; seemingly innocuous movements hold immense weight behind them within the complex tapestry called 'gang culture.'. For instance: - Closed fist accompanied by an extended thumb pointing upwards represents solidarity amidst adversity., The 4 finger gang sign is a hand gesture commonly associated with street gangs or urban subcultures. This symbolic expression involves raising four fingers while keeping the thumb tucked under. Its precise meaning can vary depending on the context and regional affiliations, but it generally represents loyalty, unity, and allegiance to a ..., 1. **Establishing Identity:** By using distinct hand signals, gangs create a sense of belongingness among members who share common goals. 2. **Symbolic Communication:** These intricate movements convey complex information without attracting unwanted attention from law enforcement or outsiders. 3., The 21 gun salute gang sign is a hand gesture commonly associated with certain street gangs. It can carry various meanings depending on the context and location, but generally represents loyalty, respect, and solidarity within their respective group. 1. Unity: The 21 gun salute gang sign serves as a visual representation of unity among members ..., 2) The Underlying Purpose behind Hand Signs: Gang members employ intricate hand signals primarily for two purposes — communication within their ranks while bypassing eavesdropping law enforcement intelligence agents; secondly, using them discreetly while interacting with rival groups can avoid direct confrontations over territorial disputes ..., The Sureños gang sign is a hand gesture commonly used by members of the Sureños criminal organization. It consists of forming the letter “W” with the thumb and pinky finger, while keeping the three middle fingers extended. This sign represents allegiance to the Sureños gang and is often used to distinguish themselves from rival gangs., Three-Finger Sign: 3.Raising up Five Fingers (High 5): 4.V-shaped hand Gesture. 5.Pointing Downward while Puckering Lips: Gang members often use these gestures as subtle signals that communicate their loyalty or allegiance while maintaining secrecy from outsiders., Gang signs have long been a way for groups to communicate and display their allegiance. Among them, the Bloods gang stands as one of America's most notorious street organizations. Armed with an arsenal of hand gestures known as "gang signs," members silently express messages while concealing meanings from outsiders., The Ghostface Gang is a notorious criminal organization known for its distinctive hand signs. These gestures serve as an identifier among gang members and can convey specific messages without speaking a word. 1. Closed Fist: A closed fist, often used in greetings or during introductions, symbolizes loyalty and unity within the gang. 2., 1. Crip Hand Sign: The Crips are one of the prominent gangs in Stockton, recognized by their characteristic blue attire. They typically display an extended thumb alongside fingers forming a "C" shape. 2. Blood Hand Sign: The rival gang to Crips is Bloods, easily distinguishable through their red clothing choices., The Meaning Behind the GD Gang Sign: Unveiling its Significance. The GD gang sign is commonly used by members of the Gangster Disciples, a notorious Chicago-based street gang. Formed in the 1960s, it represents their allegiance to the organization and typically consists of interlocking fingers forming a diamond shape., The peace sign not only represents opposition to warfare but also symbolizes the broader movement advocating nonviolence, human rights, and justice. Its presence has been instrumental in numerous demonstrations, protests, and social campaigns worldwide throughout history. ### A Powerful Symbol for Activism and Unity., Understanding Hand Gang Signs: Decoding the Meaning Behind Them. Gang signs, a symbolic language used by members of various street gangs, have always fascinated and perplexed society. These hand gestures, often accompanied by specific body positions or facial expressions, are not just random movements but carry deep-rooted meanings within the ..., Sureño gang signs often involve specific hand gestures used to represent affiliation or loyalty towards the Southern California-based Hispanic street gangs collectively known as “Sureños.”. These hand signs can vary but commonly include making an ‘S’ shape with the fingers, forming a side-to-side wave motion, or displaying numbers ..., RecognizetheSigns. Evaluate • Educate • Eliminate3. Gang Awareness Guide. Gang members communicate in many dif- ferent ways. Speech is the most obvious; however, gang members also make use of nonverbal methods of exchanging thoughts. Graffiti, hand signs, colors, and tattoos are indicators of gang affiliation., One commonly observed gang sign in the bustling streets of London is formed by making an 'L' shape using your thumb and index finger while holding up your middle three fingers vertically extended (similar to forming an L with your hand). This symbolizes loyalty to one's crew or neighborhood - standing for 'London City.'., Basic Street Gangs: “Hand Signs” Michael “Bishop” Brown. Crip Clique. ‘b’ for Blood, The gang sign of holding up two fingers, often referred to as the "peace sign," has various meanings depending on the context. It can represent a symbol of peace or victory, but it is worth noting that in certain subcultures or gangs, it may also have specific affiliations or messages associated with it., The Black Disciples is a street gang active in Chicago. They use specific hand signs as a means of identification and communication within their organization. These signs vary, but commonly include forming the letter "B" using fingers or hand gestures. It is important to note that participation in gang activities is illegal and can have ..., Neighborhood Piru gang signs comprise a range of distinct symbolic gestures that convey specific meanings and designate different roles or accomplishments within their hierarchy[^11]. Each hand movement detailed below consolidates a collective memory while transmitting silent communication among peers:, Short answer common gang signs hand: Common gang signs made with the hands include the Crip sign (formed by bending the middle and ring fingers down while keeping the others extended), Blood sign (formed by making a fist and extending the thumb), and Latin Kings sign (formed using both hands to create a three-point crown shape)., 2. A Secret Code: Imagine walking down a crowded street oblivious to the hidden language being spoken right before your eyes – that’s what gang signs numbers epitomize. Designed to maintain exclusivity within their ranks, these signals act as an encrypted form of communication invisible to outsiders.