Cse 120

May 9, 2019 CSE 120 – Lecture 11 – Page Replacement 5 Demand Paging (OS) • Recall demand paging from the OS perspective: ♦ Pages are evicted to disk when memory is full ♦ Pages loaded from disk when referenced again ♦ References to evicted pages cause a TLB miss » PTE was invalid, causes fault ♦ OS allocates a page frame, reads page from disk …

Cse 120. This course covers the principles of operating systems. It emphasizes the basic concepts of OS kernel organization and structure, processes and threads, concurrency and synchronization, memory management, file systems, and communication. It is also a project course, providing essential experience in programming with concurrency, implementing ...

Computer Science Principles. CSE 120, Winter 2020. Instructor: Teaching Assistants: Sam Wolfson Yae Kubota Eunia Lee Erika Wolfe. The biggest tech trends of 2020, according …

Carlyle Closes $120,000 Initial Tranche of Unit Offering. Mr. Morgan Good reports: Vancouver, British Columbia-- (Newsfile Corp. - May 14, 2024) - CARLYLE …It is very important to us that you succeed in CSE 120! Outside of lectures and sections, we provide lots of ways to ask questions and discuss course issues: Visit office hours! (See our course calendar!) In addition, if you need extra time or need to discuss something in private, feel free to email and make an appointment.It is very important to us that you succeed in CSE 120! Outside of lectures and sections, we provide lots of ways to ask questions and discuss course issues: Visit office hours! (See our course calendar!) In addition, if you … Evolution of CPU microarchitecture from single-cycle to multi-cycle pipelines, with overview of super-scalar, multiple-issue and VLIW. Memory system, cache, virtual memory and relationship between memory and performance. Evolution of PC system architecture. May include advanced topics, such as parallel processing, MIMD, and SIMD. 5 credits. Year. Asking Questions, Getting Help, And Giving Feedback. It is very important to us that you succeed in CSE 120! Outside of lectures and sections, we provide lots of ways to ask questions and discuss course issues: Visit office hours! (See our course calendar!) Undergraduate Courses. CSE 120: Computer Science Principles Introduces fundamental concepts of computer science and computational thinking. CSE 120 - Computer Architecture - Spring 2020. Instructor: Scott Beamer. Lecture: TuTh 1:30-3:05p. Course materials on Canvas. Course discussion on Piazza . Frequently Asked Questions (about enrollment) Q: Is the course going online? A: Yes, but we prefer the term remote. The course is not automated, and this is an in-person course that has ... CSE 120 at LaGuardia Community College (CUNY) (LAGCC) in Long Island City, New York. This course will introduce students to the critical reading and evaluation of biographies, autobiographies, memoirs, diaries and journals. The aims of the course will be to: evaluate claims to truth and truthful recollections; examine historical claims through ...

October 17, 2023 CSE 120 – Lecture 6 – Semaphores and Monitors 14. Bounded Buffer • Problem: There is a set of resource buffers shared by producer and consumer threads. ♦. Producer inserts resources into the buffer set » Output, disk blocks, memory pages, processes, etc. ♦. Consumer removes resources from the buffer setHow the rich get richer. If you don’t see corruption in American business, look a little closer at Wilbur Ross. Four of Ross’s six former lieutenants are suing the commerce secreta...However, we will work with groups to schedule times to meet remotely so that we can support you in working on your final project. To schedule a meeting with a member of the course staff, email [email protected] (and cc your partner) with a few times that would work for you in the next 24 hours.Eleanor, Chidi, Tahani, and Jason are working on their term papers in CSE 120, which is a 10,000 word essay on My All-Time Favorite Race Conditions. To help them work on their papers, they have one dictionary, two copies of Roget's Thesaurus, and two coffee cups. Eleanor needs to use the dictionary and a thesaurus to write her paper;However, we will work with groups to schedule times to meet remotely so that we can support you in working on your final project. To schedule a meeting with a member of the course staff, email [email protected] (and cc your partner) with a few times that would work for you in the next 24 hours.May 7, 2019 CSE 120 – Lecture 10 – Paging 4 Two-Level Page Tables • Two-level page tables ♦ Virtual addresses (VAs) have three parts: » Master page number, secondary page number, and offset ♦ Master page table maps VAs to secondary page table ♦ Secondary page table maps page number to physical page ♦ Offset indicates where in physical …CSE 120 is a super awesome class. I took it several years ago with Geoffrey Voelker so I can’t speak to the professor. I genuinely learned so much in that class and although it was challenging it was extremely rewarding. I graduated as a CS major and had several software internships in college where that knowledge came handy.Want to live forever? Here’s some advice from Bulletproof founder and author Dave Asprey. “We know that we can live to 120 years because we’ve seen it done...There’s a really good ...

CSE 120: Computer Science Principles Introduces fundamental concepts of computer science and computational thinking. Includes logical reasoning, problem solving, data representation, abstraction, the creation of “digital artifacts” such as Web pages and programs, managing complexity, operation of computers and networks, effective Web …CSE 120. Computer Architecture. Introduction to computer architecture including examples of current approaches and the effect of technology and software. Computer performance evaluation, basic combinatorial and sequential digital components, different instruction set architectures with a focus on the MIPS ISA and RISC paradigm.CSE 120 Syllabus. This course covers the principles of operating systems. It emphasizes the basic concepts of OS kernel organization and structure, processes and threads, concurrency and synchronization, memory management, file systems, and communication. It is also a project course, providing essential experience in programming with ...CSE 120 Nachos Project Guide. Fall 2020. Nachos. Nachos is an instructional operating system for undergraduate OS classes. It is a challenging system to learn, but is also as rewarding as it is challenging. Nachos may seem complex (it is) and confusing at first, but after using the system for a while you will become familiar and comfortable ...

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Recognized as a symbol of strength and stability in the communities we servePINE BLUFF, Ark., March 23, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- On March 23, Simmons... Recognized as a symbol of stren... Eleanor, Chidi, Tahani, and Jason are working on their term papers in CSE 120, which is a 10,000 word essay on My All-Time Favorite Race Conditions. To help them work on their papers, they have one dictionary, two copies of Roget's Thesaurus, and two coffee cups. Eleanor needs to use the dictionary and a thesaurus to write her paper; CSE 120. Term. 1 / 74. What is a thread. Click the card to flip 👆. Definition. 1 / 74. A sequential execution stream within a process. Each thread is much like a separate process, except that they share the same address space and thus can access the same data. CSE 120: Principles of Computer Operating Systems Fall 2017. Instructor Yuanyuan Zhou ([email protected]) Lectures 1st Session: Tu/Th 2:00-3:20pm. Center 216 2nd Session: Tu/Th 3:30-4:50pm Center 216 Final Exam: Dec 15th, 3-5:50pm Shortcut to Class Schedule . Discussion Sections Mon 3–3:50pm in Center Hall 212 Mon 4–4:50pm in Center Hall 212 CSE 120 is a super awesome class. I took it several years ago with Geoffrey Voelker so I can’t speak to the professor. I genuinely learned so much in that class and although it was challenging it was extremely rewarding. I graduated as a CS major and had several software internships in college where that knowledge came handy. Readers/Tutors needed for CSE 120 (computer architecture) and CSE12 (computer systems and assembly), Spring 2023 Please apply ASAP at https://rta.soe.ucsc.edu/ The minimum criteria for applying are having taken the specified …

CSE 120 – Lecture 4: Threads 3 Processes A process contains everything needed for execution An address space (defining all the code and data pages) OS resources (e.g., open files) and accounting information Execution state (PC, SP, regs, etc.) Each of these resources is exclusive to the process Yet sometimes processes may wish to cooperateCSE 120: Principles of Operating Systems (Winter 2019) Lecture and Discussion Times Section A Lectures: Mon/Wed 5:00-6:20, CENTR 115 Section B Lectures: Mon/Wed 6:30-7:50, CENTR 115 Section A Discussion: Fri 6:00-6:50p, PCYNH 106 Section B Discussion: Fri 7:00-7:50p, PCYNH 106 Instructor. Joseph Pasquale. Teaching Assistants. Ujwal …CSE 120: Homework #2. For the homework questions below, if you believe that you cannot answer a question without making some assumptions, state those assumptions in your answer. The Intel x86 instruction set architecture provides an atomic instruction called XCHG for implementing synchronization primitives.CSE 120 Nachos Project Guide. Fall 2022. Nachos. Nachos is an instructional operating system for undergraduate OS classes. It is a challenging system to learn, but is also as rewarding as it is challenging. Nachos may seem complex (it is) and confusing at first, but after using the system for a while you will become familiar and comfortable ...高儀 切断 earth man cse-120 を詳しく知りたいならまずはココから!取扱説明書・よくあるご質問をはじめとしたメーカー提供情報と、レビュー記事・関連サイト・商品購入サイトを一覧できます。China has joined the more than 120 countries banning single-use plastics. HowStuffWorks breaks down what these are and if banning them is necessary. Advertisement In early January ...October 4, 2022 CSE 120 – Lecture 4 – Threads 15 Kernel Thread Limitations • Kernel-level threads make concurrency much cheaper than processes ♦ Much less state to allocate and initialize • However, for fine-grained concurrency, kernel-level threads still suffer from overhead ♦ Thread operations still require system callsCourse Description. This is an introductory course on the principles of operating systems. Topics include processes, scheduling, synchronization, memory management, virtual …October 1, 2015 CSE 120 –Lecture 3 –Processes 4 Process Components A process contains all state for a program in execution An address space The code for the executing program The data for the executing program An execution stack encapsulating the state of procedure calls The program counter (PC) indicating the next instruction A set of general …

October 4, 2022 CSE 120 – Lecture 4 – Threads 2 Processes • Recall that a process includes many things ♦ An address space (defining all the code and data pages) ♦ OS resources (e.g., open files) and accounting information ♦ Execution state (PC, SP, regs, etc.) • Creating a new process is costly because of all of the

Solution: Possible values: 3, 4, 5, or 6. (in the worst case, in each loop, A and B both read total, then both increment, then both write, negating the effect of one of the increments). Points: -5 for each number not in the range -2 for missing 3 -3 for missing 4 -3 for missing 5 -2 for missing 6. (3 . . . 6). 6. 20 pts.Are you a computer science and engineering (CSE) student looking for unique project ideas? As a CSE student, it’s crucial to stay updated with the latest trends and technologies in... CSE 120: Computer Science Principles Introduces fundamental concepts of computer science and computational thinking. Includes logical reasoning, problem solving, data representation, abstraction, the creation of “digital artifacts” such as Web pages and programs, managing complexity, operation of computers and networks, effective Web searching, ethical, legal and social aspects of ... CSE 120: Testing System Calls. No one likes testing, yet it is an important skill to learn. Fortunately, the Nachos projects provide ample opportunity to hone your testing skillz. This page provides some suggestions for how to test and some example test programs focused on the write system call. Of course, you should implement your own ...CSE120: Computer Science Principles. Catalog Description: Introduces fundamental concepts of computer science and computational thinking. Includes logical reasoning, problem solving, data representation, abstraction, the creation of “digital artifacts” such as Web pages and programs, managing complexity, operation of computers and networks, …CSE 120: Homework #1. Fall 2023. Due: Thursday October 12 at 11:59pm. Each question is worth 5 points. When a question asks you to describe or explain, your answers can be relatively brief. The [name] tags give scholarly attribution to authors of other OS textbooks who wrote the question (you do not need those textbooks to be able to answer the ...Tips. Here are some guidelines and tips for project 2 from previous CSE 120 TAs: Tips from Ryan Huang; Tips from Matus Telgarsky. Testing. As with all of the projects, it is your responsibility to implement your own tests to thoroughly exercise your code to ensure that it meets the requirements specified for each part of the project.These leaf index blocks each contain 1K pointers to data blocks. So, the double-indirect pointer indirectly points to 1K * 1K * 4K = 4G (2 10 * 2 10 * 2 12 = 2 32 bytes). Adding everything up, the maximum file size is 40K + 4M + 4G. The original Berkeley Fast File System increased the Unix file system block size from 512 bytes to 4096 bytes.Typical outlets in U.S. homes and businesses have a rating of 120 volts. Specialty outlets for larger items such as a stove, electric clothes dryer or a large-BTU air conditioner c...

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Twelve of the hospitals involved were government facilities. It was a cold morning in November 2021. Chand Sayyed was squatting just outside the intensive care unit at the Ahmednag... First, you will implement demand paging using page faults to dynamically initialize process virtual pages on demand, rather than initializing page frames for each process in advance at exec time as you did in project 2. Next, you will implement page replacement, enabling your kernel to evict a virtual page from memory to free up a physical page ... Prerequisite s: Degree-seeking student: CSE 100 or 110; CSE 120 or EEE 120 OR Software Engineering BS major: CSE 100 or 110; SER 232 OR Computer Science & Engineering grad student Required Text: There is no required textbook for this course. An optional reference text is Computer Organization and Design 5th edition, by David A. Patterson andCourse Number CSE 120. Course Title: Computer Science Principles. Offering [pilot]: Winter, 2011. Lectures [50 minutes]: Monday, Wednesday, Friday 12:30-1:20, LOW 216. …CSE 120: Homework #1 Solutions Fall 2023 For each of the three mechanisms that supports dual-mode operation — privileged instructions, memory protection, and timer interrupts — explain what might go wrong without that mechanism, assuming the system only had the other two. CSE 120 - Computer Architecture - Spring 2020. Instructor: Scott Beamer. Lecture: TuTh 1:30-3:05p. Course materials on Canvas. Course discussion on Piazza . Frequently Asked Questions (about enrollment) Q: Is the course going online? A: Yes, but we prefer the term remote. The course is not automated, and this is an in-person course that has ... University of California, Merced 5200 North Lake Rd. Merced, CA 95343 Telephone: (209) 228-4400This can be resolved either by extending/bending the wire to make it take longer to go through or use a two phase clock or separate non-overlapping clocks. Master latch. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Combinational logic, Sequential logic, Positive feedback and more.CSE120: Computer Science Principles. Catalog Description: Introduces fundamental concepts of computer science and computational thinking. Includes logical reasoning, problem solving, data representation, abstraction, the creation of “digital artifacts” such as Web pages and programs, managing complexity, operation of computers and networks, effective Web searching, ethical, legal and ...Course Description. This is an introductory course on the principles of operating systems. Topics include processes, scheduling, synchronization, memory management, virtual … This course covers the principles of operating systems. It emphasizes the basic concepts of OS kernel organization and structure, processes and threads, concurrency and synchronization, memory management, file systems, and communication. It is also a project course, providing essential experience in programming with concurrency, implementing ... ….

CSE 185E Technical Writing for Computer Science and Engineering. Writing by engineers and computer scientists to technical audiences. Writing exercises include: cover letter and resume for job application, tutorial writing, grant proposal, document specification, literature review, and a final technical report.a) Set value of timer. b) Read the clock. c) Clear memory. d) Turn off interrupts. e) Switch from user to monitor mode. Set value of timer: Yes, otherwise the user program can manipulate it such that the OS never gains control. Read the Clock: No, as a user can't really do anything harmful by simply reading the clock. CSE 240 covers the different types of programming languages, like C/C++, Prolog, and Scheme. The emphasis on the class is C/C++, and future CS classes will mostly use C/C++. I highly recommend learning how to program in C and learning pointers before taking the class, it’ll help you get a head start. 15. Reply. CSE 120 Nachos Project Guide. Fall 2020. Nachos. Nachos is an instructional operating system for undergraduate OS classes. It is a challenging system to learn, but is also as rewarding as it is challenging. Nachos may seem complex (it is) and confusing at first, but after using the system for a while you will become familiar and comfortable ...Typical outlets in U.S. homes and businesses have a rating of 120 volts. Specialty outlets for larger items such as a stove, electric clothes dryer or a large-BTU air conditioner c...CSE/EEE 120 Lab 4 Answer Sheet The Complete Microprocessor. Name: Dhruv Bansal Instructor/Time: Dr. Steven Millman / T & Th (3:00 pm-4:15 pm) Date: 06 April 2023. Task 4-1: Build and Test the Memory-Address-Generation Circuit. Include a picture of …CSE 120 [A00] - Winter 2022. Computer Science & Engineering » CSE 120 - Princ/Computer Operating Systm Course Resources. Book List; Listing in Schedule of Classes ...Readers/Tutors needed for CSE 120 (computer architecture) and CSE12 (computer systems and assembly), Spring 2023 Please apply ASAP at https://rta.soe.ucsc.edu/ The minimum criteria for applying are having taken the specified …CSE 240 covers the different types of programming languages, like C/C++, Prolog, and Scheme. The emphasis on the class is C/C++, and future CS classes will mostly use C/C++. I highly recommend learning how to program in C and learning pointers before taking the class, it’ll help you get a head start. 15. Reply. Cse 120, Computer Science & Engineering » CSE 120 - Princ/Computer Operating Systm (), CSE 185E Technical Writing for Computer Science and Engineering. Writing by engineers and computer scientists to technical audiences. Writing exercises include: cover letter and resume for job application, tutorial writing, grant proposal, document specification, literature review, and a final technical report., This course covers the principles of operating systems. It emphasizes the basic concepts of OS kernel organization and structure, processes and threads, concurrency and synchronization, memory management, file systems, and communication. It is also a project course, providing essential experience in programming with concurrency, implementing ... , CSE 120 Nachos Project 2: Multiprogramming Fall 2004 Due: November 19, 2004 at Midnight The second phase of Nachos is to support multiprogramming. As in the first assignment, we give you some of the code you need and your job is to complete the system and enhance it., Canvas Group Name: Student 1: Student 2: CSE120 HA2 Solution: Human Compiler Due Date: Tuesday 10/19/21 Given below is a C code snippet that computes a reduction of a vector consisting of byte-sized values residing in main memory. Note the type (uint8_t =. Solutions available. CSE 120. University of California, Santa Cruz. , This is an introductory course on the principles of operating systems. Topics include processes, scheduling, synchronization, memory management, virtual memory, file systems, I/O, protection, security, networking, and distributed systems. There is a significant systems programming component to the course, where students are required to design ... , a) Set value of timer. b) Read the clock. c) Clear memory. d) Turn off interrupts. e) Switch from user to monitor (kernel) mode. [Tanenbaum] For each of the following Unix system calls, give a condition that causes it to fail: open, read, fork , exec, unlink (delete a file). (Hint: We discussed some in lecture, and you can also explore the ..., The time quantum is 10 milliseconds. Annabelle, Bertrand, Chloe and Dag are working on their term papers in CSE 120, which is a 10,000 word essay on My All-Time Favorite Race Conditions. To help them work on their papers, they have one dictionary, two copies of Roget's Thesaurus, and two coffee cups., 12/26 Welcome to CSE 120! Take a moment to familiarize yourself with our course website and perhaps check out our course discussion board. Meeting Times. Lecture: MWF, 3:30-4:20pm CSE2 G10; Section: TTh, 3:30-4:50pm, MGH 030; Course Staff, Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Synchronization is used:, A critical section:, Given two threads, if each try to modify a variable, a race condition will not result from those modifications if the variable is declared and more., 12/26 Welcome to CSE 120! Take a moment to familiarize yourself with our course website and perhaps check out our course discussion board. Meeting Times. Lecture: MWF, 3:30-4:20pm CSE2 G10; Section: TTh, 3:30-4:50pm, MGH 030; Course Staff , October 4, 2022 CSE 120 – Lecture 4 – Threads 15 Kernel Thread Limitations • Kernel-level threads make concurrency much cheaper than processes ♦ Much less state to allocate and initialize • However, for fine-grained concurrency, kernel-level threads still suffer from overhead ♦ Thread operations still require system calls, This course covers the principles of operating systems. It emphasizes the basic concepts of OS kernel organization and structure, processes and threads, concurrency and synchronization, memory management, file systems, and communication. It is also a project course, providing essential experience in programming with concurrency, implementing ... , Lecture, lab. Cross-listed as CSE 120. Credit is allowed for only CSE 120 or EEE 120. Class Meets. Tu, Th at 16:30 PM - 17:45 PM in ECG 224. Contact Information. Dr. Yoon Hwa Office Location: To be updated Office Number: To be updated Email: [email protected]. Office Hours. Office hours are times when you can meet with your professor to discuss ..., However, we will work with groups to schedule times to meet remotely so that we can support you in working on your final project. To schedule a meeting with a member of the course staff, email [email protected] (and cc your partner) with a few times that would work for you in the next 24 hours., We will be coordinating the projects across both sections of CSE 120 this quarter: Project page; Working in groups; Nachos API; Nachos Walkthrough. Exams The course has two exams, a midterm and a final. The midterm will cover the first half of the class, and the final will cover the material for the entire quarter. Below are sample exams to ... , CSE 532. Python and Data Analytics 3 Units. Term Typically Offered: Spring Only. Prerequisite(s): (CSE 120 or CSE 130) and Junior standing or higher. Description: Python is an interpreted, high-level programing language useful for rapid application development. It supports many modules and packages suitable for tasks ranging from scientific ... , These leaf index blocks each contain 1K pointers to data blocks. So, the double-indirect pointer indirectly points to 1K * 1K * 4K = 4G (2 10 * 2 10 * 2 12 = 2 32 bytes). Adding everything up, the maximum file size is 40K + 4M + 4G. The original Berkeley Fast File System increased the Unix file system block size from 512 bytes to 4096 bytes., See full list on cseweb.ucsd.edu , China has joined the more than 120 countries banning single-use plastics. HowStuffWorks breaks down what these are and if banning them is necessary. Advertisement In early January ..., CSE 298. Internship Education Seminar (BACS) 0 Units Grading Basis: Pass/Fail Term Typically Offered: Fall, Spring Prerequisite(s): CSE 120, and CSE 130. Description: This is a zero credit hour required career development course that takes place before the first internship work term. For class offerings for a specific term, refer to the Schedule, Eleanor, Chidi, Tahani, and Jason are working on their term papers in CSE 120, which is a 10,000 word essay on My All-Time Favorite Race Conditions. To help them work on their papers, they have one dictionary, two copies of Roget's Thesaurus, and two coffee cups. Eleanor needs to use the dictionary and a thesaurus to write her paper;, China has joined the more than 120 countries banning single-use plastics. HowStuffWorks breaks down what these are and if banning them is necessary. Advertisement In early January ..., The original Nachos paper (note that it describes the original Nachos project developed in C++) The platform we will officially support is Linux/x86 on the machines in the CSE B230–B270 labs and the ieng6 ACMS server cluster. We have customized the generic Nachos distribution for the CSE 120 class, so you should use the version of Nachos that ... , October 17, 2023 CSE 120 – Lecture 6 – Semaphores and Monitors 14. Bounded Buffer • Problem: There is a set of resource buffers shared by producer and consumer threads. ♦. Producer inserts resources into the buffer set » Output, disk blocks, memory pages, processes, etc. ♦. Consumer removes resources from the buffer set, Knowing the mechanisms behind networks is super useful IMO since it helps you to understand a lot of the how and why behind the internet and a lot of apps and protocols we use every day, and it's extremely interesting. 124. This is the class that focuses on the application layer of the networking stack., CSE 120 is a super awesome class. I took it several years ago with Geoffrey Voelker so I can’t speak to the professor. I genuinely learned so much in that class and although it was challenging it was extremely rewarding. I graduated as a CS major and had several software internships in college where that knowledge came handy., The original Nachos paper (note that it describes the original Nachos project developed in C++) The platform we will officially support is Linux/x86 on the machines in the CSE B230–B270 labs and the ieng6 ACMS server cluster. We have customized the generic Nachos distribution for the CSE 120 class, so you should use the version of Nachos that ..., Knowing the mechanisms behind networks is super useful IMO since it helps you to understand a lot of the how and why behind the internet and a lot of apps and protocols we use every day, and it's extremely interesting. 124. This is the class that focuses on the application layer of the networking stack., I took cse130 and cse120 last quarter but with Liting Hu. Quinn has entirely different assignments but the class itself is pretty tough (imo) so just be ready to grind. I struggled a bit with 120 due to the amount of time I spent on 130 but I was able to pass with a decent grade. Im grading for 120 this quarter. I have CSE130 with Prof. Quinn ..., L01: Intro, Abstraction CSE120, Spring 2017 Who: You! 52 students registered Undergrads from manydifferent majors This class is intended for students without significant previous experience with computing/programming Get to know each other and help each other out! Learning is much more fun with friends Working well with others is a valuable life skill, a) Set value of timer. b) Read the clock. c) Clear memory. d) Turn off interrupts. e) Switch from user to monitor mode. Set value of timer: Yes, otherwise the user program can manipulate it such that the OS never gains control. Read the Clock: No, as a user can't really do anything harmful by simply reading the clock., a unit of plane angular measurement that is equal to the angle at the center of a circle subtended by an arc whose length equals the radius or approximately 180°/π ~ 57.3 degrees. secant. the length of the hypotenuse divided by the length of the adjacent side. Also equals 1/cos (θ) sin. sin (θ) is the ratio of the opposite side of angle θ ...